Authors: Taylor Viggiano, MD – Lori Roust, MD – Holly Geyer, MD
Age and genetics
Obesity can impact people of all ages, but getting older is a significant risk factor. Hormonal changes, such as those that occur during menopause, along with shifts in body composition of muscle to fat, and a greater likelihood of being inactive, contribute to this risk. As people age, they naturally lose muscle mass and strength. This loss is often paired with an increase in fat mass, which is especially common in older adults.
Genetics has a major influence on obesity. Research indicates that 40% to 70% of a person’s risk for obesity can be linked to genes inherited from their parents. Genetics can affect your metabolism and appetite. Obesity often runs in families, which is due to a combination of genetics and environment. Family members also tend to have similar eating and activity habits, which can contribute to the risk of obesity.
Role of diet and lifestyle
Diet is a significant factor in the development of obesity. Eating a diet rich in high-calorie, low-nutrient foods (i.e. processed foods) can lead to consuming “empty” calories. These foods often don’t fill you up and contribute to the calories consumed over the day, which can result in weight gain. If you take in more energy from food than your body uses through activity and exercise, you will gain weight.
Lifestyle factors, like how active you are and how much time you spend sitting, have a big impact on the risk of obesity. Regular exercise helps burn energy and keeps your weight healthy, while sitting for long periods can contribute to the condition. Behavioral changes play a crucial role in losing weight and maintaining that weight loss. Participating in therapy can help individuals change unhealthy habits and develop better eating and exercise patterns. Support groups can provide a sense of community where people can connect with others who share similar goals. This accountability and encouragement can make it easier to stay on track and succeed in their weight loss journey.
Can Obesity be prevented?
In many cases, obesity can often be prevented through healthy lifestyle choices. Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, along with regular physical activity, can help maintain a healthy weight. Being mindful of portion sizes and limiting high-calorie, low-nutrient foods also play a key role. Encouraging active habits from a young age and creating a supportive environment for healthy choices can further reduce the risk of obesity.
Who treats Obesity?
Obesity is managed by a variety of healthcare professionals, including doctors, dieticians, nutritionists, fitness instructors and therapists. As obesity impacts the whole body with many health complications, many different types of doctors address obesity, including primary care physicians, endocrinologists, gastroenterologists, cardiologists, psychiatrists and bariatric surgeons.
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