- Definition: Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a chronic medical condition where the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. It is commonly defined as having a blood pressure reading of 130/80 mmHg or higher.
- Risk Factors: Several factors increase the risk of developing hypertension, including family history, age, obesity, high dietary sodium intake, sedentary lifestyle, excessive alcohol consumption, and chronic stress.
- Symptoms: Hypertension is often referred to as the “silent killer” because it typically does not present noticeable symptoms until serious complications arise. Some individuals may experience headaches, or shortness of breath, but such symptoms are not common.
- Complications: If left untreated, hypertension can lead to severe health complications, including heart disease, stroke, kidney damage, and loss of vision.
- Diagnosis: Hypertension is diagnosed through repeated blood pressure measurements taken in a medical office environment or at home. A blood pressure measurement device is used to measure both systolic (the pressure when the heart is contracting) and diastolic (the pressure when the heart is at rest) pressures.
- Management: Lifestyle modifications like a balanced diet (e.g., DASH diet), regular physical activity, weight management, and limiting alcohol can significantly help manage hypertension. Medications may also be prescribed when necessary.
- Monitoring: Regular monitoring of blood pressure is crucial for individuals with hypertension. Home blood pressure monitors can be used to track measurements and help inform treatment decisions.
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